What does "stratification" in water refer to?

Stratification in water specifically refers to the layering of water based on temperature and density. This phenomenon occurs when water bodies, such as lakes and oceans, develop distinct layers that can vary significantly in temperature, salinity, and density. These layers are often referred to as thermal layers or temperature strata, with warmer water being less dense and typically found nearer the surface, while colder, denser water resides below.

Understanding stratification is crucial for lifeguards and water safety professionals because it can influence the behavior of aquatic organisms, water quality, and even how buoyant objects behave in the water. For instance, a lifeguard might need to consider these layers when assessing risk factors or when responding to emergencies in various water conditions.