What does the term "hyperventilation" refer to?

The term "hyperventilation" refers specifically to an increased rate and depth of breathing, which is often characterized by rapid or shallow breathing. This results in excessive expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body, leading to a decrease in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood. This imbalance can cause respiratory alkalosis, a condition where the pH of the blood becomes elevated due to reduced carbon dioxide levels.

In the context of the choices presented, while rapid or shallow breathing is associated with hyperventilation, the correct understanding encompasses the physiological consequences of that breathing pattern, particularly how it leads to respiratory alkalosis. This is important for recognizing the symptoms and providing appropriate interventions. Understanding how hyperventilation affects the body is crucial for lifeguards and other first responders in emergencies.